Living beyond sunlight & on the edge of darkness

Census of Marine Life scientists have inventoried an astonishing abundance, diversity and distribution of deep sea species that have never known sunlight - creatures that somehow manage a living in a frigid black world down to 5,000 meters (over 3 miles) below the ocean waves.

Revealed via deep-towed cameras, sonar and other vanguard technologies, animals known to thrive in an eternal watery darkness now number 17,650, a diverse collection of species ranging from crabs to shrimp to worms. Most have adapted to diets based on meagre droppings from the sunlit layer above, others to diets of bacteria that break down oil, sulphur and methane, the sunken bones of dead whales and other implausible foods.

Five of the Census' 14 field projects plumbed the ocean beyond light, each dedicated to the study of life in progressively deeper realms.

Edward Vanden Berghe, who manages OBIS (Ocean Biogeographic Information System), the Census' inventory of marine life observations, notes that, unsurprisingly, the number of records in the database falls off dramatically at deeper depths -- a function of the dearth of sampling done in the deep sea.